Bangladesh holds a significant election following a Gen Z uprising

Bangladesh is set to hold elections on Thursday, signaling a return to democratic governance following the 2024 removal of long-serving leader Sheikh Hasina during a Gen Z-led uprising. This election is viewed as crucial for the nation’s stability.

Experts indicate that a clear outcome is essential for stable governance in the country of 175 million, as the violent anti-Hasina demonstrations have led to months of turmoil and have impacted vital industries, including the garments sector, which is the world’s second-largest exporter. This marks the world’s inaugural election following a revolution spearheaded by individuals under 30, known as Gen Z, with Nepal set to follow next month.

The contest features two coalitions, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and the Islamist Jamaat‑e‑Islami, both led by former allies, with opinion polls indicating a slight advantage for the BNP.

Hasina’s Awami League faces a ban, and she continues to reside in self-imposed exile in long-term ally India, creating an opportunity for China to enhance its influence in Bangladesh as Dhaka’s relationship with New Delhi declines.

In contrast to earlier elections that faced opposition boycotts and intimidation, over 2,000 candidates, including a significant number of independents, are competing for 300 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad, or House of the Nation. The election in one constituency has been delayed following the passing of a candidate. At least 50 parties are contesting in total, setting a national record. “This election is not just another routine vote,” said Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, head of an interim government installed after Hasina’s ouster, earlier this week.

“The public awakening we observed in response to enduring anger, inequality, deprivation, and injustice is articulated through this election.”

A referendum will be held concurrently on a series of constitutional reforms. These reforms include the establishment of a neutral interim government during election periods, the restructuring of parliament into a bicameral legislature, the enhancement of women’s representation, the strengthening of judicial independence, and the implementation of a two-term limit for the prime minister.

In spite of the competitive landscape and the anticipation of a tight contest, the campaign duration was predominantly tranquil, with only a handful of incidents occurring.

“The essential challenge for Bangladesh at this juncture will be to guarantee that the election is carried out in a fair and unbiased manner, and for all parties to subsequently acknowledge the outcome,” stated Thomas Kean, a senior consultant with the International Crisis Group. “Should that occur, it will serve as the most compelling evidence to date that Bangladesh has truly entered a phase of democratic renewal.”

On election day, over 100,000 soldiers from the army, navy, and air force will support nearly 200,000 police officers in upholding law and order.

Early start, late finish

Polling begins at 7:30 a.m. (0230 GMT) and concludes at 4:30 p.m. Counting will commence shortly thereafter, with initial trends anticipated around midnight and results expected to be definitive by Friday morning, according to Election Commission officials.

Approximately 128 million individuals are registered to vote, with women comprising 49% of that total. However, there are only 83 female candidates participating in the contest.

A recent survey revealed that corruption and inflation are the primary concerns for voters.

The two candidates for prime minister are Tarique Rahman from the BNP and Shafiqur Rahman, the chief of Jamaat. They have no connection.

A number of voters are uncertain about their involvement in the election.

Some individuals, such as rickshaw puller Chan Mia, express that they cannot afford to journey to their villages to vote, as it would result in a loss of their daily income in Dhaka. Some individuals, including gatekeeper Mohammad Sabuj, express feelings of disillusionment due to the restrictions placed on Hasina’s party.

Yet, there are those who are resolute in their decision to cast their ballots.

“We were unable to cast our votes during Hasina’s time,” stated Shakil Ahmed, a driver. “Voting is my right.” This time, I will not let it slip away.